Biology practicals, Year 1 Practicals
Teaching material only. These details are not real. These are only for teaching purposes and to make things understandable. Assumed observations and fictional cases are teaching examples, not measured results, clinical decisions, or dosing advice.
All 12 named PCI Biology practical entries have source pages in this folder. Remedial Mathematics is the alternative Year 1 subject and has no practical list in the PCI Pharm.D. syllabus. The Biology pages use observed specimens, prepared slides, and virtual models where appropriate.
Each article has a paired static SVG. Any invented example observation is labelled assumed.
Official PCI Pharm.D. syllabus.
Practical exercises
1. Introduction to Biology Experiments
To orient students to the microscope, biological specimens, observation records, and safe handling used in the PCI Biology practical sequence. This is the first
2. Study of Cell Wall Constituents and Cell Inclusions
To observe prepared plant-cell specimens and distinguish wall features from stored cell inclusions. The assigned specimens and histochemical tests must be recor
3. Study of Stem Modifications
To identify assigned modified stems by their structural evidence and recorded function. Species and specimen identity must be recorded here.
4. Study of Root Modifications
To compare assigned modified roots and identify the visible characters that support a root rather than a stem origin. Specimen identity must be recorded here.
5. Study of Leaf Modifications
To describe the form and possible function of assigned modified leaves using direct observation and a verified reference. The specimen species must be recorded
6. Identification of Fruits and Seeds
To distinguish assigned fruit and seed specimens by visible botanical characters and a verified specimen key. Species labels and final identifications are speci
7. Preparation of Permanent Slides
To prepare a labelled, durable microscope slide from an instructor-approved specimen using a validated fixation, stain, and mounting workflow. Specific reagents
8. Transverse Sections of Senna, Cassia, Ephedra, and Podophyllum
To compare prepared transverse sections of the four PCI-named plant materials and record evidence for each assigned botanical identity. The species and organ re
9. Simple Plant Physiology: Demonstration of Transpiration
To use a paired bag observation to demonstrate water loss from leaves. This is one specified teaching example under PCI’s broad “simple plant physiological expe
10. Identification of Animals
To identify instructor-provided animal specimens or images using visible characters and a verified zoological key. The taxonomic level and actual identification
11. Detailed Study of Frog
To identify major external and internal frog features using an approved model or virtual dissection. The model species, sex, and required structures must be rec
12. Computer-Based Biology Tutorials
To complete an instructor-selected virtual microscopy or biology tutorial and document what the simulation shows and omits. The selected platform and learning o
Theory notes: Remedial Mathematics / Biology