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D.Pharm Year 1 Syllabus (Part I, ER-2020)

This page gives the complete first year (Part I) syllabus of the Diploma in Pharmacy as prescribed by the Pharmacy Council of India under the Education Regulations 2020 (ER-2020). Every subject of the year is covered, theory and practical, with the topic text reproduced from the official syllabus.

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ER20-11T Pharmaceutics - Theory

Course Code: ER20-11T

Scope

This course is designed to impart basic knowledge and skills on the art and science of formulating and dispensing different pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss about:

  1. Basic concepts, types and need
  2. Advantages and disadvantages, methods of preparation / formulation
  3. Packaging and labelling requirements
  4. Basic quality control tests, concepts of quality assurance and good manufacturing practices

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe about the different dosage forms and their formulation aspects
  2. Explain the advantages, disadvantages and quality control tests of different dosage forms
  3. Discuss the importance of quality assurance and good manufacturing practices

Topics

Chapter 1: History of the profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to Pharmacy education, industry, pharmacy practice, and various professional associations. Pharmacy as a career. Pharmacopoeia: Introduction to IP, BP, USP, NF and Extra Pharmacopoeia. Salient features of Indian Pharmacopoeia

Chapter 2: Packaging materials: Types, selection criteria, advantages and disadvantages of glass, plastic, metal, rubber as packaging materials

Chapter 3: Pharmaceutical aids: Organoleptic (Colouring, flavouring, and sweetening) agents. Preservatives: Definition, types with examples and uses

Chapter 4: Unit operations: Definition, objectives / applications, principles, construction, and workings of: Size reduction: hammer mill and ball mill. Size separation: Classification of powders according to IP, Cyclone separator, Sieves and standards of sieves. Mixing: Double cone blender, Turbine mixer, Triple roller mill and Silverson mixer homogenizer. Filtration: Theory of filtration, membrane filter and sintered glass filter. Drying: working of fluidized bed dryer and process of freeze drying. Extraction: Definition, Classification, method, and applications

Chapter 5: Tablets – coated and uncoated, various modified tablets (sustained release, extended-release, fast dissolving, multi-layered, etc.). Capsules - hard and soft gelatine capsules. Liquid oral preparations - solution, syrup, elixir, emulsion, suspension, dry powder for reconstitution. Topical preparations - ointments, creams, pastes, gels, liniments and lotions, suppositories, and pessaries. Nasal preparations, Ear preparations. Powders and granules - Insufflations, dusting powders, effervescent powders, and effervescent granules. Sterile formulations – Injectables, eye drops and eye ointments. Immunological products: Sera, vaccines, toxoids, and their manufacturing methods

Chapter 6: Basic structure, layout, sections, and activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. Quality control and quality assurance: Definition and concepts of quality control and quality assurance, current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), Introduction to the concept of calibration and validation

Chapter 7: Novel drug delivery systems: Introduction, Classification with examples, advantages, and challenges

ER20-11P Pharmaceutics - Practical

Course Code: ER20-11P

Scope

This course is designed to train the students in formulating and dispensing common pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Course Objectives

This course will provide hands-on experiences in the following areas:

  1. Calculation of working formula from the official master formula
  2. Formulation of dosage forms based on working formula
  3. Appropriate Packaging and labelling requirements
  4. Methods of basic quality control tests

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Calculate the working formula from the given master formula
  2. Formulate the dosage form and dispense in an appropriate container
  3. Design the label with the necessary product and patient information
  4. Perform the basic quality control tests for the common dosage forms

Practicals

  1. Handling and referring the official references: Pharmacopoeias, Formularies, etc. for retrieving formulas, procedures, etc.
  2. Formulation of the following dosage forms as per monograph standards and dispensing with appropriate packaging and labelling: - Liquid Oral: Simple syrup, Piperazine citrate elixir, Aqueous Iodine solution - Emulsion: Castor oil emulsion, Cod liver oil emulsion - Suspension: Calamine lotion, Magnesium hydroxide mixture - Ointment: Simple ointment base, Sulphur ointment - Cream: Cetrimide cream - Gel: Sodium alginate gel - Liniment: Turpentine liniment, White liniment BPC - Dry powder: Effervescent powder granules, Dusting powder - Sterile Injection: Normal Saline, Calcium gluconate Injection - Hard Gelatine Capsule: Tetracycline capsules - Tablet: Paracetamol tablets
  3. Formulation of at least five commonly used cosmetic preparations – e.g. cold cream, shampoo, lotion, toothpaste etc.
  4. Demonstration on various stages of tablet manufacturing processes
  5. Appropriate methods of usage and storage of all dosage forms including special dosage such as different types of inhalers, spacers, insulin pens
  6. Demonstration of quality control tests and evaluation of common dosage forms viz. tablets, capsules, emulsion, sterile injections as per the monographs

Assignments

The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period, i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student):

  1. Various systems of measures commonly used in prescribing, compounding and dispensing practices
  2. Market preparations (including Fixed Dose Combinations) of each type of dosage forms, their generic name, minimum three brand names and label contents of the dosage forms mentioned in theory / practical
  3. Overview of various machines / equipments / instruments involved in the formulation and quality control of various dosage forms / pharmaceutical formulations
  4. Overview of extemporaneous preparations at community / hospital pharmacy vs. manufacturing of dosage forms at industrial level
  5. Basic pharmaceutical calculations: ratios, conversion to percentage fraction, alligation, proof spirit, isotonicity

Field Visit

The students shall be taken for an industrial visit to pharmaceutical industries to witness and understand the various processes of manufacturing of any of the common dosage forms viz. tablets, capsules, liquid orals, injectable, etc. Individual reports from each student on their learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted.

ER20-12T Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Theory

Course Code: ER20-12T

Scope

This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on chemical structure, storage conditions and medicinal uses of organic and inorganic chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals. It also emphasizes on impurities in pharmaceutical substances and basics of volumetric and gravimetric analysis.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss the following:

  1. Chemical structures of organic, inorganic substances including heterocyclic compounds used as drugs and pharmaceuticals.
  2. Solubility, stability and storage conditions of pharmaceutical substances
  3. Commonly used terms and technical procedures involved in volumetric and gravimetric analysis.
  4. Sources and types of errors in analysis, importance of accuracy, precision and significant figures
  5. Various test procedures involved in quality control of pharmaceutical substances
  6. Impurities in pharmaceutical substances and limit tests

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the chemical structures, storage conditions, uses of organic and inorganic medicinal compounds and pharmaceuticals
  2. Discuss the impurities in pharmaceutical substances and limit tests
  3. Explain the accuracy, precision and significant figures in volumetric and gravimetric analysis

Topics

Chapter 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutical chemistry: Scope and objectives. Sources and types of errors: Accuracy, precision, significant figures. Impurities in Pharmaceuticals: Source and effect of impurities in Pharmacopoeial substances, importance of limit test, Principle and procedures of Limit tests for chlorides, sulphates, iron, heavy metals and arsenic

Chapter 2: Volumetric analysis: Fundamentals of volumetric analysis, Acid-base titration, non-aqueous titration, precipitation titration, complexometric titration, redox titration. Gravimetric analysis: Principle and method

Chapter 3: Inorganic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmaceutical formulations, market preparations, storage conditions and uses of the following:

Chapter 4: Introduction to nomenclature of organic chemical systems with particular reference to heterocyclic compounds containing up to Three rings

For Chapters 5 to 13, the syllabus prescribes: Study of the following category of medicinal compounds with respect to classification, chemical name, chemical structure (compounds marked with *) uses, stability and storage conditions, different types of formulations and their popular brand names.

Chapter 5: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System

Chapter 6: Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System

Chapter 7: Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System

Chapter 8: Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Frusemide*, Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone, Benzthiazide, Metolazone, Xipamide, Spironolactone

Chapter 9: Hypoglycemic Agents: Insulin and Its Preparations, Metformin*, Glibenclamide*, Glimepiride, Pioglitazone, Repaglinide, Gliflozins, Gliptins

Chapter 10: Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Morphine Analogues, Narcotic Antagonists; Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) - Aspirin*, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen*, Piroxicam, Celecoxib, Mefenamic Acid, Paracetamol*, Aceclofenac

Chapter 11: Anti-Infective Agents

Chapter 12: Antibiotics: Penicillin G, Amoxicillin*, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Tetracyclines: Doxycycline, Minocycline, Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Miscellaneous: Chloramphenicol*, Clindamycin

Chapter 13: Anti-Neoplastic Agents: Cyclophosphamide*, Busulfan, Mercaptopurine, Fluorouracil*, Methotrexate, Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulphate, Cisplatin*, Dromostanolone Propionate

ER20-12P Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Practical

Course Code: ER20-12P

Scope

This course is designed to train the students and impart basic training and hands-on experiences to synthesis chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals. Also, to perform the quality control tests, impurity testing, test for purity and systematic qualitative analysis of chemical substances used as drugs and pharmaceuticals.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss the following:

  1. Standard volumetric solutions of different strengths
  2. Fundamentals of various titrimetric and gravimetric methods of analysis
  3. Qualitative identification tests, impurity testing and limit tests for various inorganic and organic pharmaceutical substances
  4. Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Perform the limit tests for various inorganic pharmaceutical substances
  2. Prepare standard solutions of different strengths as per monographs
  3. Perform the assay of pharmaceutical substances by different titrimetric methods
  4. Identify the given unknown organic compounds by performing necessary tests
  5. Synthesize the simple organic compounds that may be used as drugs

Practicals

  1. Limit test for: Chlorides, sulphate, Iron, heavy metals
  2. Identification tests for Anions and Cations as per Indian Pharmacopoeia
  3. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis: Preparation of standard solution and standardization of Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Permanganate
  4. Assay of the following compounds: Ferrous sulphate by redox titration, Calcium gluconate by complexometric, Sodium chloride by Modified Volhard's method, Ascorbic acid by iodometry, Ibuprofen by alkalimetry
  5. Fundamentals of preparative organic chemistry: Determination of Melting point and boiling point of organic compounds
  6. Preparation of organic compounds: Benzoic acid from Benzamide, Picric acid from Phenol
  7. Identification and test for purity of pharmaceuticals: Aspirin, Caffeine, Paracetamol, Sulfanilamide
  8. Systematic Qualitative analysis experiments (4 substances)

Assignments

The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period, i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student):

  1. Different monographs and formularies available and their major contents
  2. Significance of quality control and quality assurance in pharmaceutical industries
  3. Overview on Green Chemistry
  4. Various software programs available for computer aided drug discovery
  5. Various instrumentations used for characterization and quantification of drug

ER20-13T Pharmacognosy - Theory

Course Code: ER20-13T

Scope

This course is designed to impart basic knowledge in pharmacognosy and phytochemistry including classification, identification, quality control, and therapeutic applications of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents. In addition, this course will emphasize the fundamental concepts in cultivation, collection and storage of medicinal plants, crude drugs and its significance in quality control of herbal drugs.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss about the following:

  1. Concepts of pharmacognosy, history, scope and development of pharmacognosy
  2. Sources of drugs including an overview of systems of medicines
  3. Classification and identification of crude drugs
  4. Quality control of herbal drugs and its significance
  5. Therapeutic applications of medicinal plants and phytoconstituents
  6. Cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the history and scope of Pharmacognosy including various system of medicines
  2. Explain the classification of crude drugs and various identification methods
  3. Discuss the quality control of crude drugs, modern methods of extraction, isolation and identification of their phytoconstituents
  4. Describe the therapeutic applications of important medicinal plants and their phytoconstituents
  5. Explain the cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs

Topics

Chapter 1: Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy

Chapter 2: Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, taxonomical, morphological, pharmacological, chemical, chemo-taxonomical classification of drugs

Chapter 3: Quality control of drugs of natural origin: Adulteration of drugs – Definition, types, reasons and examples of each, Organoleptic evaluation, Microscopic evaluation, Physical evaluation, Chemical evaluation, Biological evaluation, Detailed study of evaluation of specific drugs: castor oil, starch. Role of microscopy in pharmacognosy

Chapter 4: Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of: Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Glycosides, Volatile oils, Tannins, Resins, Lipids

Chapter 5: Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs:

Chapter 6: Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibre, Sutures – Surgical Catgut and Ligatures

Chapter 7: Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy. Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma

Chapter 8: Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential

Chapter 9: Herbs as health food: Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Pro-biotics, Pre-biotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic

Chapter 10: Introduction to herbal formulations

Chapter 11: Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, Sandal Wood oil

Chapter 12: Phytochemical investigation of drugs

ER20-13P Pharmacognosy - Practical

Course Code: ER20-13P

Scope

This course is designed to train the students in physical identification, morphological characterization, physical and chemical characterization, and evaluation of commonly used herbal drugs.

Course Objectives

This course will provide hands-on experiences to the students in:

  1. Identification of the crude drugs based on their morphological characteristics
  2. Various characteristic anatomical characteristics of the herbal drugs studied through transverse section
  3. Physical and chemical tests to evaluate the crude drugs

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Identify the given crude drugs based on the morphological characteristics
  2. Take a transverse section of the given crude drugs
  3. Describe the anatomical characteristics of the given crude drug under microscopical conditions
  4. Carry out the physical and chemical tests to evaluate the given crude drugs

Practicals

  1. Morphological Identification of the following drugs: Ispaghula, Senna, Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Nutmeg, Black Pepper, Cinnamon, Clove, Ephedra, Rauwolfia, Gokhru, Punarnava, Cinchona, Agar
  2. Gross anatomical studies (Transverse Section) of the following drugs: Ajwain, Datura, Cinnamon, Cinchona, Coriander, Ashwagandha, Liquorice, Clove, Curcuma, Nux vomica, Vasaka
  3. Physical and chemical tests for evaluation of any FIVE of the following drugs: Asafoetida, Benzoin, Pale catechu, Black catechu, Castor oil, Acacia, Tragacanth, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatin

Assignments

The students shall be asked to submit the written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period, i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student):

  1. Market preparations of various dosage forms of Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathic (Classical and Proprietary), indications, and their labelling requirements
  2. Market preparations of various herbal formulations and herbal cosmetics, indications, and their labelling requirements
  3. Herb-Drug interactions documented in the literature and their clinical significances

Field Visit

The students shall be taken in groups to a medicinal garden to witness and understand the nature of various medicinal plants discussed in theory and practical courses. Additionally, they shall be taken in groups to the pharmacies of traditional systems of medicines to understand the availability of various dosage forms and their labelling requirements. Individual reports from each student on their learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted.

ER20-14T Human Anatomy and Physiology - Theory

Course Code: ER20-14T

Scope

This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on the structure and functions of the human body. It helps in understanding both homeostasis mechanisms and homeostatic imbalances of various systems of the human body.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss the following:

  1. Structure and functions of the various organ systems and organs of the human body
  2. Homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances in the human body
  3. Various vital physiological parameters of the human body and their significances

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the various organ systems of the human body
  2. Discuss the anatomical features of the important human organs and tissues
  3. Explain the homeostatic mechanisms regulating the normal physiology in the human system
  4. Discuss the significance of various vital physiological parameters of the human body

Topics

Chapter 1: Scope of Anatomy and Physiology. Definition of various terminologies

Chapter 2: Structure of Cell: Components and its functions

Chapter 3: Tissues of the human body: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous - their sub-types and characteristics

Chapter 4: Osseous system: structure and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeleton. Classification, types and movements of joints, disorders of joints

Chapter 5: Haemopoietic system: Composition and functions of blood, Process of Hemopoiesis, Characteristics and functions of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, Mechanism of Blood Clotting, Importance of Blood groups

Chapter 6: Lymphatic system: Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation. Structure and functions of spleen and lymph node

Chapter 7: Cardiovascular system: Anatomy and Physiology of heart, Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary and systemic circulation), Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG, Blood pressure and its regulation

Chapter 8: Respiratory system: Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions. Regulation, and Mechanism of respiration. Respiratory volumes and capacities - definitions

Chapter 9: Digestive system: Anatomy and Physiology of the GIT, Anatomy and functions of accessory glands, Physiology of digestion and absorption

Chapter 10: Skeletal muscles: Histology, Physiology of muscle contraction, Disorder of skeletal muscles

Chapter 11: Nervous system: Classification of nervous system, Anatomy and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, mid brain, Function of hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia, Spinal cord - structure and reflexes, Names and functions of cranial nerves. Anatomy and physiology of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (ANS)

Chapter 12: Sense organs - Anatomy and physiology of Eye, Ear, Skin, Tongue, Nose

Chapter 13: Urinary system: Anatomy and physiology of urinary system, Physiology of urine formation, Renin - angiotensin system, Clearance tests and micturition

Chapter 14: Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions): Pituitary gland, Adrenal gland, Thyroid and parathyroid gland, Pancreas and gonads

Chapter 15: Reproductive system: Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Physiology of menstruation, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, Pregnancy and parturition

ER20-14P Human Anatomy and Physiology - Practical

Course Code: ER20-14P

Scope

This course is designed to train the students and instill the skills for carrying out basic physiological monitoring of various systems and functions.

Course Objectives

This course will provide hands-on experience in the following:

  1. General blood collection techniques and carrying out various haematological assessments and interpreting the results
  2. Recording and monitoring the vital physiological parameters in human subjects and the basic interpretations of the results
  3. Microscopic examinations of the various tissues permanently mounted in glass slides

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Discuss the anatomical and physiological characteristics of various organ systems of the body using models, charts, and other teaching aids
  2. Perform the haematological tests in human subjects and interpret the results
  3. Record, monitor and document the vital physiological parameters of human subjects and interpret the results
  4. Describe the anatomical features of the important human tissues under the microscopical conditions
  5. Discuss the significance of various anatomical and physiological characteristics of the human body

Practicals

  1. Study of compound microscope
  2. General techniques for the collection of blood
  3. Microscopic examination of epithelial tissue, Cardiac muscle, Smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle, Connective tissue, and Nervous tissue of ready / pre-prepared slides
  4. Study of Human Skeleton - Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
  5. Determination of Blood group
  6. Determination of ESR
  7. Determination of Hemoglobin content of blood
  8. Determination of Bleeding time and Clotting time
  9. Determination of WBC count of blood
  10. Determination of RBC count of blood
  11. Determination of Differential count of blood
  12. Recording of Blood Pressure in various postures, different arms, before and after exertion and interpreting the results
  13. Recording of Body temperature (using mercury, digital and IR thermometers at various locations), Pulse rate / Heart rate (at various locations in the body, before and after exertion), Respiratory Rate, Recording Pulse Oxygen (before and after exertion), Recording force of air expelled using Peak Flow Meter, Measurement of height, weight, and BMI
  14. Study of various systems and organs with the help of chart, models, and specimens: Cardiovascular system, Respiratory system, Digestive system, Urinary system, Endocrine system, Reproductive system, Nervous system, Eye, Ear, Skin

ER20-15T Social Pharmacy - Theory

Course Code: ER20-15T

Scope

This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on public health, epidemiology, preventive care, and other social health related concepts. Also, to emphasize the roles of pharmacists in the public health programs.

Course Objectives

This course will discuss about basic concepts of:

  1. Public health and national health programs
  2. Preventive healthcare
  3. Food and nutrition related health issues
  4. Health education and health promotion
  5. General roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in public health

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Discuss about roles of pharmacists in the various national health programs
  2. Describe various sources of health hazards and disease preventive measures
  3. Discuss the healthcare issues associated with food and nutritional substances
  4. Describe the general roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in public health

Topics

Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Pharmacy: Definition and Scope. Social Pharmacy as a discipline and its scope in improving the public health. Role of Pharmacists in Public Health. Concept of Health - WHO Definition, various dimensions, determinants, and health indicators. National Health Policy – Indian perspective. Public and Private Health System in India, National Health Mission. Introduction to Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, FIP Development Goals

Chapter 2: Preventive healthcare – Role of Pharmacists in the following: Demography and Family Planning. Mother and child health, importance of breastfeeding, ill effects of infant milk substitutes and bottle feeding. Overview of Vaccines, types of immunity and immunization. Effect of Environment on Health – Water pollution, importance of safe drinking water, waterborne diseases, air pollution, noise pollution, sewage and solid waste disposal, occupational illnesses, Environmental pollution due to pharmaceuticals. Psychosocial Pharmacy: Drugs of misuse and abuse – psychotropics, narcotics, alcohol, tobacco products. Social Impact of these habits on social health and productivity and suicidal behaviours

Chapter 3: Nutrition and Health: Basics of nutrition – Macronutrients and Micronutrients. Importance of water and fibres in diet. Balanced diet, Malnutrition, nutrition deficiency diseases, ill effects of junk foods, calorific and nutritive values of various foods, fortification of food. Introduction to food safety, adulteration of foods, effects of artificial ripening, use of pesticides, genetically modified foods. Dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, food supplements – indications, benefits, Drug-Food Interactions

Chapter 4: Introduction to Microbiology and common microorganisms. Epidemiology: Introduction to epidemiology, and its applications. Understanding of terms such as epidemic, pandemic, endemic, mode of transmission, outbreak, quarantine, isolation, incubation period, contact tracing, morbidity, mortality. Causative agents, epidemiology and clinical presentations and Role of Pharmacists in educating the public in prevention of the following communicable diseases: Respiratory infections – chickenpox, measles, rubella, mumps, influenza (including Avian-Flu, H1N1, SARS, MERS, COVID-19), diphtheria, whooping cough, meningococcal meningitis, acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, Ebola. Intestinal infections – poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis, cholera, acute diarrheal diseases, typhoid, amebiasis, worm infestations, food poisoning. Arthropod-borne infections - dengue, malaria, filariasis and, chikungunya. Surface infections – trachoma, tetanus, leprosy. STDs, HIV/AIDS

Chapter 5: Introduction to health systems and all ongoing National Health programs in India, their objectives, functioning, outcome, and the role of pharmacists

Chapter 6: Pharmacoeconomics – Introduction, basic terminologies, importance of pharmacoeconomics

ER20-15P Social Pharmacy - Practical

Course Code: ER20-15P

Scope

This course is designed to provide simulated experience in various public health and social pharmacy activities.

Course Objectives

This course will train the students on various roles of pharmacists in public health and social pharmacy activities in the following areas:

  1. National immunization programs
  2. Reproductive and child health programs
  3. Food and nutrition related health programs
  4. Health education and health promotion activities
  5. Food safety programs
  6. Role of pharmacists – Do's and Don'ts

Course Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the roles of pharmacists in various National health programs, family planning and public health
  2. Describe the health education, counselling processes involved in various public health functions and programs
  3. Describe the importance of environmental factors, nutritional requirements, and food safety in human health
  4. Perform the hygiene and other public health measures for prevention of diseases
  5. Provide first aid for various emergency conditions

Note: This is a simulated laboratory experience based on role plays and activities to be performed in a group, under individual capacity as a pharmacist, to orient the students about the various elements of social pharmacy listed here. (At least one activity to be carried out for each one of the following)

Practicals

  1. National immunization program - Immunization record for different age groups
  2. Reproductive and child health - Role of pharmacist in family planning devices, ANC, and PNC - counseling (simulated)
  3. Food and nutrition - Eat healthy plate: calculation of calories in food, nutrients in foods and deficiency diseases. Do's and Don'ts in buying, preparing/cooking, handling and storage of food and water. Storage of food at home and commercial levels, personal hygiene for food handlers
  4. Hygiene and sanitation - Hand washing techniques (with soap and hand sanitizers), its importance; surface area selection, frequent touchpoints. Social distancing methods, respiratory etiquettes, cough and cold manners
  5. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) - Students' activities in community pharmacy, hospitals, patient counseling on: Environmental Pollution, Personal Hygiene, Nutrition, Restriction on Tobacco/ Alcohol use, Breastfeeding Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Immunization, Family Planning, Obesity Prevention, Drug Misuse and Abuse, Diarrhoea, Oral Rehydrating Solution (ORS)
  6. Implementation of infection control policies - Knowledge of hospital's infection control committee/local governing authorities guidelines. To prepare checklist/flowchart for infection control methods and preventions
  7. Use of masks, eye protection, respiratory protection, protective clothing and gloves - putting on and removing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in a correct biological way
  8. Pharmaceutical care for communicable diseases - Ethical usage of antibiotics in the community in minor infections. To know about antimicrobial stewardship program (special focus on identification of patients, drug interaction and adverse reactions), monitoring, and evaluation. Appropriate family planning counselling, and ensuring its correct usage, monitoring.
  9. First Aid - Theory, basics and demonstration of BLS (Basic Life Support), CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation), Heimlich manoeuvre on dummy models. First aid in the following situations: Fracture, Bleeding, Stroke, Epilepsy, Heat stroke, Fainting, Animal bite - snake bite, dog bite, etc., Drowning
  10. Emergency treatment for all medical emergency cases viz. snake bite, dog bite, insecticide poisoning, fractures, burns, epilepsy etc.
  11. Role of Pharmacist in Disaster Management - natural and manmade disasters. Preparation of an Emergency kit, any one disaster management: floods, earthquakes, epidemics etc.
  12. Market survey - Location, identification of medical shops / pharmacies in the rural / urban area. Collection and information about over the counter (OTC) products available in the market with prices
  13. Water purification - Methods for large scale and small scale; Sodium hypochlorite solution preparation and use, Swachhata Hi Seva public campaign / movement
  14. Wearing of Apron - cleanliness, indications of infection - fungal, bacterial
  15. Drug information queries - Sources for drug information and answering the queries
  16. Studies on - 1. Various brands of sterile gloves, face masks, toilet soaps, shampoos, deodorants, cosmetics etc. 2. Hair and skin care
  17. Organ Donation - Details of local hospitals/ centers authorized for doing transplantations and organ donations/banks, pledge card drafting

Assignments

The students shall be asked to submit written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period, i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student):

  1. An overview of Women's Health Issues
  2. Study the labels of various packed foods to understand their nutritional contents
  3. Breastfeeding counselling, guidance – using Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
  4. Information about the organizations working on de-addiction services in the region (city / district, etc.)
  5. Role of a pharmacist in disaster management – A case study
  6. Overview on the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)
  7. Drug disposal systems in the country, at industry level and citizen level
  8. Various Prebiotics or Probiotics (dietary and market products)
  9. Emergency preparedness: Study of local Government structure with respect to Fire, Police departments, health department
  10. Prepare poster / presentation for general public on any one of the Health Days, e.g. TB Day, AIDS Day, Handwashing Day, ORS day, World Diabetes Day, World Heart Day, etc.
  11. List of home medicines, their storage, safe handling, and disposal of unused medicines
  12. Responsible Use of Medicines: From Purchase to Disposal
  13. Collection of newspaper clips (minimum 5) relevant to any one topic and its submission in an organized form with collective summary based on the news items
  14. Read a minimum of one article relevant to any theory topic, from Pharma / Science / or other Periodicals and prepare summary of it for submission
  15. Potential roles of pharmacists in rural India

Field Visits

The students shall be taken to visit one or more of the following facilities: Water purification plant, Sewage treatment plant, Food processing unit, Primary / Community health care centres, Anganwadi centres, Old age homes, Orphanages. Individual reports from each student on their learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted.

Official Source

Source: Pharmacy Council of India, Education Regulations 2020. Syllabus framed under Regulation 7 of the Education Regulations 2020 for the Diploma Course in Pharmacy. The topic text above is reproduced from the official syllabus of the Pharmacy Council of India.