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B.Pharm Semester 4 Syllabus | New PCI B.Pharm Syllabus 2026

Semester 4 of the new B.Pharm syllabus from the Pharmacy Council of India (NEP-2020) has five theory courses, five practical courses, and a mandatory internship. The five theory courses are: Herbal Drug Technology, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Social Pharmacy and Public Health, and Systemic Pharmacology I. The practical courses cover the same five subjects. Semester 4 also includes BP411I Internship (Mandatory).

Source: Pharmacy Council of India, Syllabus, Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) (2026), As per NEP 2020. The syllabus text below is reproduced word for word from the official document.

BP401T Herbal Drug Technology (Theory)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Understand and apply plant tissue culture techniques and related approaches for biomass and secondary metabolite production.
  2. Introduce biomanufacturing concepts in herbal drug technology, including plant-based production systems and edible vaccines.
  3. Develop skills in the preparation and optimization of standardized herbal extracts using metabolite analysis and TLC fingerprinting.
  4. Study the formulation of herbal products using standardized extracts in conventional and novel dosage forms.
  5. Understand quality control, standardization, regulatory guidelines, and interaction studies for safe herbal drug development.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Demonstrate tissue culture applications for herbal drug production and edible vaccines.
  2. Summarize the concept of standardized extracts and incorporate them in herbal formulations and cosmetics.
  3. Apply analytical methods for quality control of herbal preparations.
  4. Analyze herb–drug/food interactions and their clinical significance.
  5. Interpret national regulatory provisions and global standards related to herbal drug development.

Unit I

Plant Tissue Culture and Standardized Extracts:

Plant tissue culture as an alternative source of medicine:

• Historical development • Types of cultures • Nutritional requirements • Growth and maintenance of callus and suspension culture • Role of elicitation, genetic transformation, biotransformation, precursor feeding, and somaclonal variation in biomass and secondary metabolite production

Introduction to biomanufacturing:

• Medicinal plant–based biomanufacturing • Utilising plant factories in obtaining valuable ingredients for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries • Examples: Shikonin and Paclitaxel • Oral vaccines in healthcare

Optimization and production of standardized extracts of medicinal plants: Strategies for preparation of desired quality extracts by optimizing and adjusting bioactives ensuring quality using analysis of metabolites and TLC fingerprints of the following:

• Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ashwagandha, Shatavari, Licorice, Neem, and Haritaki • Flavonoid-rich fraction of Sweet lime peel • Terpenoid-rich fraction of Bacopa • Phenol-rich fraction of Green Tea • Steroid-rich fraction of Tribulus • Alkaloid-rich fraction of Vasaka

Unit II

Herbal Formulations, Excipients and Cosmetics:

Herbal formulations:

• Conventional herbal formulations: syrups, mixtures, powders, capsules, tablets, creams, ointments • Novel dosage forms: phytosomes (phytocomplexes), liposomes, nanoformulations • Composition, preparation, and characterization using standardized extracts and bioactives

Herbal cosmetics:

• Sources and description of raw materials of herbal origin as active agents in skincare, hair care, and oral hygiene products • Applications in skincare, hair care, and oral hygiene products such as: Sunscreen-lotion/gel; Hair oil, shampoo, herbal dye; Herbal mouthwash, chewing gums, candies, gargles • Face serums and herbal face packs

Excipients of Natural origin

• Colorants, sweeteners, binders, diluents • Viscosity builders, disintegrants • Flavors and perfumes • Protective agents, waxes, bleaching agents and antioxidants

Unit III

Quality Control and Standardisation of Herbal Medicines:

• WHO, AYUSH, and EU guidelines on quality control, stability, and shelf life studies of herbal medicines • Approaches for standardisation and quality control of botanicals and formulations • Testing methods and regulatory considerations • Role of DNA fingerprint and molecular markers such as rbcL, matK, and SCAR in quality control • Forensic pharmacognosy: Role in identification of illicit herbal drugs (e.g., Cannabis, Opium)

Unit IV

Herb–Drug / Food / Herb Interactions:

• General introduction to interactions and role of ADME, Cytochrome P450, and P-gp • Herb–drug interactions: St. John's Wort with warfarin; Ginkgo biloba with aspirin • Herb–food interactions: Licorice with salty foods; Turmeric with fats; Green tea with iron-rich foods • Herb–herb interactions: Ephedra with Ginseng; Chamomile with Valerian • Adverse reactions related to plants and foods such as allergy, intolerance, and toxicity

Unit V

Regulatory Requirements of Herbal Drugs and Botanicals:

Regulatory framework in India for Herbal and ASU medicines:

a) Role of regulatory bodies b) ASU DTAB (Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani Drugs Technical Advisory Board) c) ASU DCC (Drugs Consultative Committee for ASU drugs) d) Schedule T – GMP requirements for ASU drugs e) Schedule E1 – Poisonous drugs listed under AYUSH f) Drugs and Cosmetics Act – Regulatory provisions relevant to herbal/ASU medicines, procedures for registration, trade, and export g) Concept of Phytopharmaceuticals and Ayush Aahara in bridging Indian traditional knowledge with modern science.

BP402T Medicinal Chemistry (Theory)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of medicinal chemistry, including physicochemical properties, drug metabolism, and prodrug concepts.
  2. Classify and describe the chemical structures, therapeutic uses, and structure–activity relationships of drugs acting on the autonomic and cardiovascular systems.
  3. Apply the principles of structure–activity relationships (SAR) to explain and predict the pharmacological activity.
  4. Understand the synthetic pathways of drugs, emphasizing important reaction steps and chemical transformations.
  5. Analyze the relationship between drug structure and pharmacological activity in relation to therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Relate the physicochemical properties of drug molecules to their biological activity and pharmacokinetic behavior.
  2. Categorize drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system and predict their therapeutic outcomes.
  3. Analyze and interpret the structure-activity relationships of selected drug classes (e.g., beta-blockers, local anesthetics, thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs) to optimize drug design.
  4. Outline the synthetic routes of selected drugs, identifying key intermediates and reactions involved in their preparation.
  5. Correlate the chemical structure of drugs with their therapeutic uses and potential adverse effects. Apply the knowledge of medicinal chemistry principles to understand and potentially contribute to the drug discovery and development process.

Study of the development of the following classes of drugs, Chemical Classification, Structure, uses of drugs mentioned in the course, Structure activity relationship of selective class of drugs as specified in the course and Synthesis of selected drugs as superscripted (*)

Unit I

Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry

• Introduction: History and scope of medicinal chemistry • Physicochemical properties in relation to biological action: Ionization, solubility, partition coefficient, hydrogen bonding, Chelation, Bioisosterism and protein binding • Drug metabolism: Phase I & II reactions

Unit II

Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

  1. Adrenergic or Sympathomimetic agents: Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Phenylephrine, Dopamine, Methyldopa, Clonidine, Dobutamine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Salbutamol, Bitolterol, Naphazoline, Oxymetazoline and Xylometazoline, Hydroxyamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine, Propylhexedrine, Metaraminol.

  2. Anti-adrenergic or Sympatholytic agents: Tolazoline, Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine, Prazosin, Dihydroergotamine, Propranolol, Metibranolol, Atenolol, Betazolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol, Labetalol, Carvedilol. SAR of beta adrenergic blockers.

  3. Cholinergic or Parasympathomimetic agents: Acetylcholine, Carbachol*, Bethanechol, Methacholine, Pilocarpine, Physostigmine, Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium chloride, Tacrine hydrochloride, Ambenonium chloride, Isofluorphate, Echothiophate iodide, Parathione, Malathion. Pralidoxime chloride.

  4. Anti-Cholinergic or Parasympatholytic agents: Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Homatropine, Ipratropium, Tropicamide, Cyclopentolate, Clidinium Glycopyrrolate, Dicyclomine, Methantheline, Propantheline, Benztropine mesylate, Orphenadrine, Biperidine, Procyclidine, Tridihexethyl, Isopropamide, Ethopropazine, SAR of cholinergic blockers.

  5. Local anesthetic agents: Cocaine, Hexylcaine, Meprylcaine, Cyclomethycaine, Piperocaine. Benzocaine, Butamben, Procaine, Butacaine, Propoxycaine, Tetracaine, Benoxinate, Lignocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Etidocaine, Phenacaine, Diperodon, Dibucaine. SAR of Local anesthetics.

Unit III

Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System

  1. Anti-anginals: Amyl nitrite, Nitroglycerin, Pentaerythritol, Isosorbide dinitrite*, Dipyridamole, Verapamil, Bepridil hydrochloride, Diltiazem, Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine.

  2. Anti-hypertensives: Timolol, Captopril, Lisinopril, Enalapril, Benazepril, Quinapril, Methyldopate,* Clonidine, Guanethidine, Guanabenz, Sodium nitroprusside, Diazoxide, Minoxidil, Reserpine, Hydralazine.

  3. Drugs to treat Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide, Bosentan, Tezosentan.

  4. Anti-arrhythmics (Class I–IV): Quinidine sulphate, Procainamide, Disopyramide*, Phenytoin, Lidocaine, Tocainide, Mexiletine, Lorcainide, Amiodarone, Sotalol.

Unit IV

Drugs acting on blood and Renal System

  1. Antihyperlipidemic Agents: Fenofibrate*, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol

  2. Coagulants and Anti-Coagulants: Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin, Anisindione, clopidogrel.

  3. Diuretics: Acetazolamide, Methazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Chlorthiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydroflumethiazide, Cyclothiazide, Furosemide, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid, Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride. Mannitol. SAR of Thiazides.

Unit V

Autacoids and related drugs

  1. Antihistamines a. H1–antagonists: Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamines, Clemastine, Diphenylphyraline, Tripelenamine, Chlorcyclizine, Meclizine, Buclizine, Chlorpheniramine, Triprolidine, Phenindamine, Promethazine, Trimeprazine, Cyproheptadine, Azatidine, Astemizole, Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetrizine Cromolyn. b. H2-antagonists: Cimetidine*, Famotidine, Ranitidine.

  2. Gastric Proton pump inhibitors: Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Antipyretics: Sodium salicylate, Aspirin, Diflunisal, Mefenamic acid, Niflumic acid, Meclofenamate, Indomethacin, Sulindac, Tolmetin, Zomepirac, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Piroxicam, Phenacetin, Acetaminophen, Antipyrine, Phenylbutazone, Celecoxib, Etoricoxib, SAR of representative agents by class.

BP403T Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Theory)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Understand and apply plant tissue culture techniques and related approaches for biomass and secondary metabolite production.
  2. Introduce biomanufacturing concepts in herbal drug technology, including plant-based production systems and edible vaccines.
  3. Develop skills in the preparation and optimization of standardized herbal extracts using metabolite analysis and TLC fingerprinting.
  4. Study the formulation of herbal products using standardized extracts in conventional and novel dosage forms.
  5. Understand quality control, standardization, regulatory guidelines, and interaction studies for safe herbal drug development.

Note: The course objectives printed under BP403T in the official document are identical to those printed under BP401T Herbal Drug Technology. They are reproduced here exactly as printed.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Explain the role of biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences, including monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immobilization.
  2. Apply genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology for the production of biopharmaceuticals such as insulin, interferons, and vaccines.
  3. Describe microbial biotransformation and analyze fermentation processes used in pharmaceutical industries.
  4. Assess the role of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence in the Human Genome Project and personalized medicine.
  5. Describe vaccine and sera development, including preparation, evaluation, standardization, and regulatory requirements, and critically evaluate challenges and emerging approaches in vaccine and sera development and commercialization

Unit I

Introduction to Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Introduction to biotechnology in pharmaceutical sciences; protein therapeutics; analytical characterization of proteins; monoclonal antibodies; antigens; enzyme immobilization; cell culture and immobilization techniques; pharmaceutical applications.

Unit II

Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology

Principles of genetic engineering; recombinant DNA technology; production of interferons, hepatitis-B vaccine, and insulin; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its applications; mutations and types of mutants.

Unit III

Microbial Biotransformation and Fermentation Technology

Microbial biotransformation; fermentation principles and process control; industrial production of alcohol, penicillins, citric acid, and vitamin B₁₂; blood products—collection, processing, and storage.

Unit IV

Gene Therapy, Genomics and Personalized Medicine

Gene therapy—types and methodologies; delivery systems; ethical concerns and challenges; Human Genome Project; role of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence in personalized medicine.

Unit V

Immunology, Vaccines and Sera

Basics of immunology; types and generations of vaccines; immunization strategies; vaccine preparation, evaluation, and standardization; regulatory aspects; sera therapy; marketed products; challenges and newer approaches.

BP404T Social Pharmacy and Public Health (Theory)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Understand the concepts of social pharmacy, public health, and their interrelation.
  2. Identify the social determinants of health and their impact on health outcomes and medication use.
  3. Recognize the role of pharmacists in public health initiatives, health promotion, and disease prevention.
  4. To gain knowledge about the Indian healthcare system, national health policies, and important health programs.
  5. To understand basic epidemiological principles and their application in public health.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the scope of social pharmacy and the pharmacist's role in the public health system.
  2. Explain the influence of socio-cultural and behavioral factors on health, illness, and medication adherence.
  3. Discuss various national health programs and the pharmacist's contribution to their success.
  4. Apply basic principles of epidemiology to understand disease distribution and control.
  5. Develop health education materials and counsel patients on preventive healthcare measures and rational drug use.

Unit I

Introduction to Social Pharmacy and Public Health

a) Social Pharmacy: Definition, scope, historical development, and importance. Social pharmacy as a multidisciplinary field.

b) Public Health: Definition, concepts, history, core functions, and ethical considerations.

c) Interplay between Social Pharmacy and Public Health: The evolving role of the pharmacist in the public health arena.

d) Concept of Health and Disease: WHO definition of health; dimensions of health – physical, mental, social, spiritual, and environmental.

e) Determinants of Health: Social, economic, environmental, lifestyle, and healthcare service determinants and their impact on population health.

f) Health Indicators: Indicators used to measure health status and health outcomes in a population.

Unit II

Health Systems, Policy, and Pharmacoepidemiology

a) Healthcare Delivery Systems: Overview of global healthcare systems.

b) Indian Healthcare System: Structure, public and private sectors, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care.

c) Health Policy: Introduction to health policy formulation and analysis; objectives of India's National Health Policy.

d) National Health Mission (NHM): NRHM and NUHM – goals, strategies, and impact on public health indicators.

e) Pharmacoepidemiology: Definition, aims, scope, and applications.

f) Measures of Disease Frequency and Distribution: Incidence, prevalence, endemic, epidemic, pandemic; morbidity and mortality rates, Odds ratio and relative risk.

g) Introduction to Biostatistics: Role in public health; types of data; basic data presentation methods.

Unit III

Preventive Healthcare, Health Promotion, and Communicable Diseases

a) Levels of Prevention: Primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention with examples.

b) Role of Pharmacists in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Immunization services, screening programs, lifestyle counselling.

c) Health Education: Definition, principles, methods, and importance; development of effective health education materials.

d) Mother and Child Health (MCH): Antenatal care, postnatal care, breastfeeding, immunization schedules.

e) Communicable Diseases: Modes of transmission, prevention, and control of tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, dengue, typhoid, influenza; pharmacist's role.

Unit IV

Non-Communicable Diseases, Nutrition, Mental Health, and National Programs

a) Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, cancer; prevention and management.

b) Nutrition and Health: Balanced diet, macro- and micronutrients, malnutrition, nutritional deficiency disorders, food safety, and adulteration.

c) Mental Health: Common mental disorders, stigma, promotion of mental well-being; pharmacist's role.

d) National Health Programs in India: Programs related to MCH, NCDs, communicable diseases, tobacco control, and deafness prevention.

Unit V

Pharmacoeconomics, Rational Use of Medicines, Professional Roles, and Future Trends

a) Pharmacoeconomics: Introduction, significance; Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA).

b) Rational Use of Medicines (RUM): Definition, importance, problems of irrational drug use; pharmacist's role.

c) Medication Adherence: Factors affecting adherence, consequences of non-adherence, improvement strategies.

d) Drug Misuse and Abuse: Alcohol, tobacco, opioids, prescription drug abuse; pharmacist's role.

e) Professionalism and Ethics in Social Pharmacy: Ethical dilemmas in public health pharmacy.

f) Disaster Management: Role of pharmacists.

g) Emerging Trends: Telepharmacy, digital health, personalized medicine, expanding public health responsibilities of pharmacists.

BP405T Systemic Pharmacology I (Theory)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of neurohumoral transmission, neurotransmitters, and the organization and function of the autonomic nervous system.
  2. Provide knowledge of the classification, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological effects of various classes of drugs.
  3. Explain the pharmacology of drugs acting on the peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, and urinary system.
  4. Describe the physiological roles of autacoids and the pharmacology of drugs used in the management of pulmonary diseases and related disorders.
  5. Familiarize students with the pharmacology of drugs acting on the immune system, hematopoietic system, and blood, and relate pharmacological principles to clinical conditions through case-based learning.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Explain the classification of neurotransmitters and describe neurohumoral transmission, including the organization, function, and pharmacological modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
  2. Classify and explain the mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, and therapeutic uses of drugs used in cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, angina, and lipid disorders.
  3. Describe the pharmacology and therapeutic uses of drugs acting on blood and kidney, including anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, hematinics, and diuretics.
  4. Explain the physiological roles of autacoids and analyze the pharmacology of drugs that modulate autacoid pathways, including antihistamines, antimigraine agents, NSAIDs, and antirheumatic drugs.
  5. Evaluate the mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of drugs acting on the respiratory and immune systems.

Unit I

Pharmacology of drugs acting on the peripheral nervous system

a) Organization and functions of PNS.

b) Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission. Neurotransmitters and their receptors, including non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitters.

c) Parasympathomimetic and Parasympatholytic drugs.

d) Sympathomimetic and sympatholytic drugs.

e) Skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral and central).

f) Drugs used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and glaucoma

Unit II

Pharmacology of drugs acting on the cardiovascular system

a) Introduction to cardiovascular hemodynamic and cardiac electrophysiology.

b) Drugs used in congestive cardiac failure.

c) Anti-arrhythmic drugs.

d) Anti-anginal and newer anti-ischemic drugs.

e) Anti-hypertensive drugs.

f) Shock, types of shocks and drugs used in their management.

g) Stroke, types of strokes and drugs used in their management

Unit III

1. Pharmacology of drugs acting on blood

a) Anti-platelet agents

b) Coagulants and anticoagulants.

c) Fibrinolytics and Plasma expanders.

d) Haematinics.

e) Anti-hyperlipidaemic drugs.

2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on kidney

a) Diuretics.

b) Anti-diuretics.

Unit IV

Pharmacology of autacoids and related drugs

a) Introduction to autacoids and their classification. Therapeutic significance of important agonists and antagonists of prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes, angiotensin, bradykinin and substance P.

b) Histamine and antihistamines.

c) 5-HT, its agonists and antagonists, drugs used in migraine.

d) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipyretics and analgesics.

e) Anti-gout and Antirheumatic drugs including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs).

Unit V

i) Pharmacology of Drugs acting on respiratory system

a) Drugs used in the treatment of bronchial asthma and COPD.

b) Definitions, classification and therapeutic uses of nasal decongestants, mucolytics, expectorants and antitussives.

c) Respiratory stimulants.

ii) Pharmacology of Drugs acting on immune system

Mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of important classes of immune stimulants and immunosuppressants.

BP406P Herbal Drug Technology (Practical)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are:

  1. To apply seed germination and plant tissue culture techniques for medicinal plants.
  2. To prepare and standardize herbal extracts and phytoconstituent-enriched fractions as per Pharmacopoeial procedures.
  3. To evaluate natural excipients and standardized herbal extracts for formulation development.
  4. To develop and evaluate herbal cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and novel delivery systems using standardized extracts.
  5. To assess the quality of marketed herbal formulations and extracts through experiential learning and surveys.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Perform seed germination and plant tissue culture of medicinal plants.
  2. Prepare and standardize herbal extracts and enriched phytoconstituent fractions following official guidelines.
  3. Evaluate excipients of natural origin and select suitable ingredients for herbal formulations.
  4. Formulate and assess herbal cosmetics, dosage forms, and novel delivery systems as per Pharmacopoeial standards.
  5. Analyze and compare marketed herbal medicines and cosmetics for quality, compliance, and performance

List of Practical (Minimum 12 experiments must be performed):

  1. To establish seed germination and plant tissue culture of a medicinal plant.
  2. Preparation and standardization of extracts of Phenol-rich fraction of Green Tea.
  3. Preparation and standardisation of Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ashwagandha or Haritaki (as per IP procedure)
  4. Preparation and standardization of Flavonoid-enriched fraction of Sweet lime peel
  5. Preparation and standardization of Terpenoid-rich fraction of Bacopa.
  6. Preparation and standardization of Steroid-rich fraction of Tribulus
  7. Preparation and standardization of Alkaloid-rich fraction of Vasaka
  8. Evaluation of excipients of natural origin.
  9. To develop and evaluate herbal cosmetics in form of gel, cream, lotion using standardized herbal extract.
  10. To develop and evaluate herbal shampoo using standardized herbal extract.
  11. To develop herbal formulations in form of syrups and mixtures using standardized herbal extract and their evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial guidelines.
  12. To develop herbal tablets using standardized herbal extract and their evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial guidelines.
  13. Preparation of botanicals-based new herbal medicinal product delivery systems (phytosomes).
  14. Experiential learning-based experiments involving collection of herbal formulations/ extracts from the market and their quality evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial guidelines.
  15. Survey on different commercialized marketed herbal cosmetics.
  16. Survey on different commercialized marketed herbal medicine.

BP407P Medicinal Chemistry (Practical)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Comprehend the fundamental principles of drug synthesis, assay, and monograph analysis.
  2. Acquire practical skills in the synthesis of selected drug molecules and intermediates.
  3. Develop proficiency in performing qualitative and quantitative assays of drugs.
  4. Understand the requirements and procedures involved in drug monograph analysis.
  5. Apply appropriate techniques and methodologies for the preparation, assay, and monograph analysis of various drugs.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Demonstrate the ability to synthesize various drug molecules and intermediates using standard laboratory procedures.
  2. Perform qualitative and quantitative assays of drugs with accuracy and precision.
  3. Analyze and interpret drug monographs according to pharmacopeial standards.
  4. Utilize appropriate instrumentation and techniques for drug preparation, assay, and monograph analysis.
  5. Document and report experimental procedures and results in a clear and concise manner.

List of Practical (Minimum 12 experiments must be performed):

  1. Preparation of Drugs / Intermediates: a. Aspirin b. Benzotriazole c. Benzocaine d. Phenytoin e. Dibenzalacetone f. Paracetamol
  2. Assay of Drugs (Any 3): a. Aspirin b. Ibuprofen c. Furosemide d. Paracetamol
  3. Monograph Analysis (Any 3): a. Paracetamol b. Aspirin c. Phenobarbital d. Diclofenac e. Phenytoin

BP408P Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Practical)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Provide fundamental knowledge of biotechnology concepts, including protein therapeutics, monoclonal antibodies, enzyme immobilization, and their pharmaceutical applications.
  2. Explain the principles and applications of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology in pharmaceutical sciences.
  3. Develop understanding of microbial biotransformation, fermentation processes, and large-scale production of pharmaceutical products such as alcohol, antibiotics, vaccines, and blood products.
  4. Describe the principles, methodologies, delivery systems, and ethical considerations associated with gene therapy and modern vaccine technologies.
  5. Introduce the regulatory requirements and standardization procedures for vaccines, sera, and other biopharmaceutical products.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Explain the fundamental principles of biotechnology and apply genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology concepts in pharmaceutical sciences.
  2. Describe the production and applications of biopharmaceutical products such as protein therapeutics and monoclonal antibodies.
  3. Explain the principles, delivery systems, and ethical considerations associated with gene therapy.
  4. Describe fermentation processes and microbial biotransformation involved in the large-scale production of pharmaceutical products such as vaccines, hormones, and blood products.
  5. Explain the principles of immunization, types of vaccines and sera, and the regulatory and ethical considerations involved in the development of biopharmaceutical products.

List of Practical (Minimum 12 experiments must be performed):

  1. Understanding Good microbiological laboratory practices while working in Microbiology laboratory aseptic handling in microbiology lab: growth and isolation of microbes using streaking, spreading and subculturing techniques: microbial staining, study of various equipments such as loop, straight wire, spreader, forceps, pipette, test tube, petridish, burner etc and apparatus used in microbiology lab BOD incubator, laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer and microscopes.
  2. Handling of biological spill, decontamination procedures and hygiene while handling microorganisms and disposal
  3. Sterilization and evaluation of glassware and apparatus using hot air oven
  4. Preparation and sterilization of solid and liquid culture medium using different techniques
  5. Determination of microbiological efficacy of disinfectant/ preservative efficacy test
  6. Tests for sterility of ophthalmic or parenteral marketed formulation according to IP.
  7. Analysis of Biotechnological product (Protein, nucleic acid materials) by UV Vis and FTIR spectrophotometer
  8. Production of alcohol using Fermentation process
  9. Practice Whole cell immobilization technique (any one)
  10. Practice Enzyme immobilization technique and its kinetics
  11. Isolation and estimation of DNA and RNA
  12. Isolation of plasmids and expression of protein
  13. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA/ RNA
  14. SDS – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for proteins.
  15. Microbiological assay of antibiotics.

BP409P Social Pharmacy and Public Health (Practical)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Understand and apply basic health assessment techniques (blood pressure, BMI, and blood glucose levels), and perform essential first aid skills.
  2. Gain skills in the development of health education tools and communication strategies to promote prevention and control of communicable diseases and encourage healthy lifestyle modifications.
  3. Familiarize with mental health assessment tools and improve clinical communication skills through simulated role-play exercises focused on patient screening.
  4. Acquire practical knowledge of immunization practices and demonstrate correct vaccine administration techniques using simulation models.
  5. Understand the principles of epidemiology and designing preventive strategies for common communicable diseases. Develop foundational knowledge of Pharmacoeconomics and its applications. Evaluate health interventions, while identifying irrational drug use practices.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Perform basic health screening and first aid procedures using appropriate techniques.
  2. Develop and disseminate health promotion and disease prevention materials
  3. Apply mental health screening tools and demonstrate patient assessment skills using role plays and relevant psychological scales.
  4. Demonstrate vaccination techniques using appropriate models and standard protocols for immunization practices.
  5. Interpret epidemiological data and apply to create preventive measures Evaluate healthcare interventions using pharmacoeconomic principles and recognize irrational drug use in real-world scenarios.

List of Practical (Minimum 12 Experiments must be performed; * Mandatory experiments):

  1. Training on health screening services (Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose levels, heart rate (pulse rate), respiratory rate, body temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), hemoglobin levels (basic anemia screening)).
  2. Develop health promotion material for the prevention of communicable diseases.
  3. Role play usage of different mental scales in patient screening.
  4. Case study on calculation of prevalence; incidence, odds ratio and relative risk.
  5. Design and demonstrate preventive strategies for major communicable diseases (group activity)
  6. Present a case study highlighting cost-benefit analysis in healthcare.
  7. Perform cost-effectiveness analysis for selected health interventions.
  8. Conduct cost-utility analysis to assess health program efficiency.
  9. Perform basic first aid techniques.
  10. Design informational leaflet on lifestyle modifications for disease prevention.
  11. Identify and illustrate irrational drug use with a real-world example.
  12. Prepare an immunization chart, interpret the vaccination schedule and perform patient counselling for vaccination*.
  13. Hand wash and hand sanitizing techniques*.
  14. Demonstration and practice of wound dressing in first aid and basic suturing techniques*.
  15. Practical training on routes of drug administration-oral, and other non-parenteral routes*.
  16. Practical training on routes of drug administration-parenteral routes*.
  17. Training on basic life support (BLS)*.

BP410P Systemic Pharmacology I (Practical)

Course Objectives: The objectives of this course are to:

  1. Provide understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of different pharmacological experiments using virtual simulations and video demonstrations.
  2. Develop skills to assess drug effects on various systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal tract using simulation models.
  3. Familiarize the learners with experimental methodologies such as Langendorff's heart preparation, spasmogen and spasmolytic effects, and PA2 value determination using Schild plot.
  4. Provide knowledge of modern techniques for drug evaluation.
  5. Explore clinical pharmacology aspects through case studies on drug interactions, management of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and plasma volume expanders.

Course Outcomes (CO): Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

  1. Describe the drug effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and understand their relevance to cardiovascular pharmacotherapy through virtual simulations.
  2. Evaluate the pharmacological management of asthma, analyse drug actions on the respiratory system, and correlate them with clinical data.
  3. Interpret experimental data, calculate and analyse PA2 values, plot standard curves, and estimate drug effects using hypothetical data from computer simulations.
  4. Present case studies and explore drug interactions and rational drug management in cardiovascular situations and asthma, applying pharmacological knowledge to patient care.
  5. Demonstrate competence in various pharmacological measurements, such as intraocular pressure estimation, nitric oxide estimation in plasma, and spirometry.

List of Practical (Minimum 12 Experiments must be performed):

  1. To demonstrate Langendorff's heart assembly and its applications in pharmacology (only video demonstration/or charts and illustrations).
  2. Recording of the effects of different electrolytes, agonists and antagonists on the isolated and perfused frog heart preparation using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  3. To study the effect of various drugs on blood pressure and heart rate anaesthetized dog using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  4. Demonstration of the estimation of intraocular pressure on rabbit eye and human eye by using conventional Schiotz tonometer and non-contact tonometer.
  5. To evaluate the muscle relaxant activity of drugs on Rota-rod apparatus using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  6. Demonstration of the effect of spasmogens and spasmolytic using rabbit jejunum using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  7. Determination of PA2 value of Atropine using a suitable isolated tissue preparation by Schild plot method with the help of hypothetical data using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  8. Determination of PA2 value of Prazosin using a suitable isolated tissue preparation by Schild plot method with the help of hypothetical data using interactive computer simulation experiment.
  9. To study the antiallergic effects of drugs using mast cell degranulation assay using interactive computer simulated experiment.
  10. Evaluation of diuretic activity of drugs in rats using metabolic cages (simulation) and estimation of electrolytes in the urine samples/serum using flame photometer/commercially available kits.
  11. Evaluation of effects of antihistaminic drugs on the histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs using interactive simulated experiment.
  12. To study and analyse drug-drug interaction/ rational drug management of asthma with the help of Case Study/ hypothetical data/ any clinical report.
  13. To study clinical pharmacology of the plasma volume expanders and their importance (using charts/open sources videos).
  14. Demonstration of evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity in paw oedema model using plethysmometer using simulations.
  15. Concept of Biobanking and its significance in drug screening.
  16. Isolation of Polymorphonuclear cells from blood and evaluation of endotoxin-induced oxidative stress in them using Nitrobluetetrazolium dye method by colourimetry.
  17. Determination of viability of cells (using isolated polymorphonuclear cells) by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay to determine cell viability using microscopy method.
  18. Determination of anti-inflammatory activity of durgs in vitro using RBC membrane stabilization assay
  19. Determination of protein concentrations using Bradford reagent and plotting of standard curve of bovine serum albumin.
  20. Estimation of anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of drugs using Ellman's reagent (DTNB)
  21. Determination and and plotting of standard curve for LPO, Nitric oxide and GSH.

*PCI recommended software's shall be used for performing experiments.

BP411I Internship (Mandatory)

BP411I Internship is a mandatory internship course listed in Semester 4 of the official syllabus. The official document lists it in the semester structure table with course type Internship. No detailed syllabus text is printed for this course in the document.

Source: Syllabus, Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm) (2026), As per NEP 2020, Pharmacy Council of India. Syllabus text reproduced word for word from the official document.